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Wastewater Treatment Engineering: A basic introduction to wastewater treatment engineering
Release time:
2022-12-12 13:38
Wastewater treatment is the process of purifying wastewater to meet the water quality requirements for discharging into a water body or for reuse. Wastewater treatment is widely used in various fields, including construction, agriculture, transportation, energy, petrochemicals, environmental protection, urban landscaping, medical care, and catering, and is increasingly entering the daily lives of ordinary people. Wastewater treatment projects refer to engineering projects that use various methods to separate pollutants contained in wastewater or convert them into harmless substances, thereby purifying the wastewater.
Common Processes:
Processes for treating domestic wastewater include anaerobic filter ponds, jet aeration, contact oxidation, oxidation ponds, and submerged artificial wetlands.
Anaerobic Filter Pond Process: This process involves immobilizing a large number of anaerobic microorganisms on the filter media in the filter pond. The anaerobic microorganisms degrade organic matter into gases such as methane and carbon dioxide, achieving purification.
Anaerobic Filter Pond Process
This process requires no electricity and is suitable for areas with limited power supply.
The process treatment capacity is predicted to be approximately 50-70% for COD and BOD removal, approximately 50-80% for SS removal, and approximately 20-50% for ammonia nitrogen removal.
SBR Process
Contact Oxidation Process: The contact oxidation process, also known as "submerged biofilter", "contact aeration", and "fixed-film activated sludge process", is a wastewater treatment technology developed in the early 1970s. Its technical essence is to fill the bioreactor with filter media, and the oxygenated wastewater submerges all the filter media and flows through the filter media at a certain flow rate. A biofilm is formed on the filter media, and the wastewater comes into extensive contact with the biofilm. Under the action of the metabolism of microorganisms on the biofilm, organic pollutants in the wastewater are removed, and the wastewater is purified.
Contact Oxidation Process
The biological contact oxidation method combines the characteristics of the activated sludge method and the biofilm method. The concentration of biological solids in the tank (5-10 g/l) is higher than that of the activated sludge method and the biofilter, with a higher volumetric load (up to 2.0-3.0 kg BOD5/m3.d). In addition, the contact oxidation process does not require sludge return and has no sludge bulking problems. The operation and management are simpler than the activated sludge method, and it has a strong adaptability to fluctuations in water volume and quality. It is a typical aerobic treatment method with advantages such as large aeration volume, high treatment level, and automated control.
Wastewater treatment engineering, industrial wastewater treatment, integrated water treatment equipment
Practical application of IC tower in food processing wastewater treatment
Wastewater from the food processing industry contains a large amount of organic matter, suspended solids, and oils. Traditional treatment methods often face problems such as high energy consumption and long processing cycles. The IC tower (internal circulation anaerobic reactor), with its unique internal circulation structure and three-phase separation system, demonstrates technical adaptability in treating high-concentration organic wastewater. The core advantage of the IC tower lies in its internal circulation mechanism. Through the fluid movement of the internal rising and falling pipes, it achieves thorough mixing of sludge and wastewater, improving biodegradation efficiency. In food wastewater treatment, the IC tower can adapt to influent conditions with a wide range of COD concentrations, especially suitable for the dairy, meat processing, and brewing industries. Practice has shown that when treating oily wastewater, the IC tower can stably achieve a COD removal rate that meets emission standards by reasonably controlling the hydraulic retention time and organic load. In an actual engineering case, a large seasoning production enterprise used the IC tower as a pretreatment unit. The influent COD concentration ranged from 8000-12000mg/L, and after treatment by the IC tower, it was reduced to below 1500mg/L, significantly reducing the burden on the subsequent aerobic treatment unit. The operating data shows that the biogas yield of the IC tower is stable and can be used for energy recovery, further reducing treatment costs.
The effectiveness of IC tower in treating high-concentration organic wastewater
The IC tower (internal circulation anaerobic reactor) is an important piece of equipment in modern wastewater treatment, demonstrating significant technical characteristics in treating high-concentration organic wastewater. Its unique internal circulation system enhances the contact efficiency between sludge and wastewater, making the organic matter degradation process more thorough and showing clear adaptability in treating industrial wastewater with a COD concentration exceeding 3000 mg/L. The treatment effect of this technology is mainly reflected in two dimensions: organic matter removal rate and biogas production. Actual operating data shows that in wastewater treatment for industries such as brewing and food processing, the IC tower usually maintains a high COD removal rate. The granular sludge formed inside the reactor has good settling performance, ensuring the stability of system operation. When the temperature is controlled around 35℃, the microbial activity reaches an optimal state, and the treatment effect is relatively ideal. In the process of treating high-concentration organic wastewater, the volumetric loading capacity of the IC tower is a key indicator that distinguishes it from traditional anaerobic processes. Due to its multi-stage reaction zone design and internal circulation flow pattern, the equipment can withstand high organic load shocks. Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment cases show that the system can still maintain stable operation when the influent COD fluctuates between 5000-8000 mg/L.
In the back-end process of semiconductor manufacturing, the IC handler (integrated circuit testing and sorting equipment) plays a core role in verifying chip functions and screening for quality. Its working principle is to use a precision robotic arm to send wafers or packaged chips to the testing station, and use the probe card and tester to complete the electrical parameter measurement. Then, according to the test results, it automatically sorts out qualified products and defective products. This integrated "test-judgment-sorting" process makes it a decisive link in the quality control before the chip leaves the factory. From a technical perspective, the gatekeeping role of the IC handler is reflected in three dimensions: First, the contact testing scheme can simulate the actual working state of the chip and detect physical defects such as open circuits, short circuits, and leakage; second, the multi-station parallel testing architecture achieves the screening capacity of thousands of chips per unit time, matching the production capacity needs of the packaging and testing factory; more importantly, its test data is directly related to the yield statistics of the chip, providing key evidence for process improvement. Current mainstream equipment supports environmental temperature testing from -40℃ to 150℃, covering the reliability verification needs of different application scenarios such as consumer electronics and automotive electronics. In industrial practice, the testing standards of IC handlers are often more stringent than the terminal application conditions. Taking the case of a major packaging and testing factory as an example
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