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Expand the scope of reclaimed water use to solve water problems
Release time:
2022-12-12 13:39
Recycled water is internationally recognized as a 'second water source' for cities, but China's utilization rate is less than 10%. Hong Meixiang, a national committee member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of the Yinchuan Municipal Committee of the CPPCC, suggested that effective measures be taken to increase the utilization of recycled water and expand its scope of application.
The importance and necessity of recycled water utilization have been widely recognized. However, the current situation of recycled water utilization in China is not optimistic. Its application is limited to some cities with severe water shortages, and mostly relies on individual or community-built recycled water systems (also known as "small recycled water systems").
Data provided by Hong Meixiang shows that by February 2009, China had 1572 sewage treatment plants in operation, with a designed capacity of 91.2587 million cubic meters/day and an actual treatment capacity of 68.7999 million cubic meters/day, achieving a sewage treatment rate of 75%. However, even in Beijing, which is at the forefront of water conservation nationwide, the amount of recycled water used in 2008 was only 600 million cubic meters, accounting for 17% of the city's total water consumption.
China is a country with extremely scarce per capita water resources, with per capita water resources less than 1/4 of the world average. Water resources are a major factor affecting future sustainable development. Hong Meixiang suggested that, firstly, the legislative process for recycled water utilization should be accelerated. The coercive force of law should be used to prohibit some industries, such as irrigating green spaces, industrial water use, and vehicle washing, from using tap water, and recycled water must be used instead.
Secondly, recycled water networks should be added to newly built residential buildings. The government should support recycled water treatment enterprises and units through subsidies, special funds, and preferential policies.
Thirdly, a scientific water pricing system should be established. Only when the price of recycled water is significantly lower than that of tap water can more people be attracted to use recycled water.
In addition, knowledge on the safe and scientific use of recycled water should be widely publicized, and successful examples of recycled water reuse at home and abroad should be introduced to enhance public awareness of using recycled water and eliminate people's concerns.
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Practical application of IC tower in food processing wastewater treatment
Wastewater from the food processing industry contains a large amount of organic matter, suspended solids, and oils. Traditional treatment methods often face problems such as high energy consumption and long processing cycles. The IC tower (internal circulation anaerobic reactor), with its unique internal circulation structure and three-phase separation system, demonstrates technical adaptability in treating high-concentration organic wastewater. The core advantage of the IC tower lies in its internal circulation mechanism. Through the fluid movement of the internal rising and falling pipes, it achieves thorough mixing of sludge and wastewater, improving biodegradation efficiency. In food wastewater treatment, the IC tower can adapt to influent conditions with a wide range of COD concentrations, especially suitable for the dairy, meat processing, and brewing industries. Practice has shown that when treating oily wastewater, the IC tower can stably achieve a COD removal rate that meets emission standards by reasonably controlling the hydraulic retention time and organic load. In an actual engineering case, a large seasoning production enterprise used the IC tower as a pretreatment unit. The influent COD concentration ranged from 8000-12000mg/L, and after treatment by the IC tower, it was reduced to below 1500mg/L, significantly reducing the burden on the subsequent aerobic treatment unit. The operating data shows that the biogas yield of the IC tower is stable and can be used for energy recovery, further reducing treatment costs.
The effectiveness of IC tower in treating high-concentration organic wastewater
The IC tower (internal circulation anaerobic reactor) is an important piece of equipment in modern wastewater treatment, demonstrating significant technical characteristics in treating high-concentration organic wastewater. Its unique internal circulation system enhances the contact efficiency between sludge and wastewater, making the organic matter degradation process more thorough and showing clear adaptability in treating industrial wastewater with a COD concentration exceeding 3000 mg/L. The treatment effect of this technology is mainly reflected in two dimensions: organic matter removal rate and biogas production. Actual operating data shows that in wastewater treatment for industries such as brewing and food processing, the IC tower usually maintains a high COD removal rate. The granular sludge formed inside the reactor has good settling performance, ensuring the stability of system operation. When the temperature is controlled around 35℃, the microbial activity reaches an optimal state, and the treatment effect is relatively ideal. In the process of treating high-concentration organic wastewater, the volumetric loading capacity of the IC tower is a key indicator that distinguishes it from traditional anaerobic processes. Due to its multi-stage reaction zone design and internal circulation flow pattern, the equipment can withstand high organic load shocks. Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment cases show that the system can still maintain stable operation when the influent COD fluctuates between 5000-8000 mg/L.
In the back-end process of semiconductor manufacturing, the IC handler (integrated circuit testing and sorting equipment) plays a core role in verifying chip functions and screening for quality. Its working principle is to use a precision robotic arm to send wafers or packaged chips to the testing station, and use the probe card and tester to complete the electrical parameter measurement. Then, according to the test results, it automatically sorts out qualified products and defective products. This integrated "test-judgment-sorting" process makes it a decisive link in the quality control before the chip leaves the factory. From a technical perspective, the gatekeeping role of the IC handler is reflected in three dimensions: First, the contact testing scheme can simulate the actual working state of the chip and detect physical defects such as open circuits, short circuits, and leakage; second, the multi-station parallel testing architecture achieves the screening capacity of thousands of chips per unit time, matching the production capacity needs of the packaging and testing factory; more importantly, its test data is directly related to the yield statistics of the chip, providing key evidence for process improvement. Current mainstream equipment supports environmental temperature testing from -40℃ to 150℃, covering the reliability verification needs of different application scenarios such as consumer electronics and automotive electronics. In industrial practice, the testing standards of IC handlers are often more stringent than the terminal application conditions. Taking the case of a major packaging and testing factory as an example
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